Impact of enhancement filters of a CMOS system on halo artifact expression at the bone-to-implant interface.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of enhancement filters on the formation of halo artifacts in radiographs of dental implants obtained with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) system. METHODS: Digital radiographs of dental implants placed in dry human mandibles were processed with the Noise Reduction smoothing filter, as well as the Sharpen 1, Sharpen 4, and Sharpen UM high-pass filters available in the CLINIVIEW™ software (Instrumentarium Dental, Tuusula, Finland). Subjective analysis involved evaluating the left, right, and apical surfaces of each implant for the presence of much, few, or no halo. The objective analysis involved measurement of the halo area using the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Data were analyzed using Friedman's test (subjective analysis) and ANOVA (objective analysis) (α = 5%). RESULTS: In the subjective evaluation, the Sharpen 4 filter produced more radiographs with much halo present, and in the objective evaluation, a bigger halo area when compared to the original images and the Noise Reduction filter for all surfaces (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When evaluating dental implants, priority should be given to original images and those enhanced with smoothing filters since they exhibit fewer halo artifacts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Post-processing tools, such as enhancement filters, may improve the image quality and assist some diagnostic tasks. However, little is known regarding the impact of enhancement filters in halo formation on CMOS systems, which have been increasingly used in dental offices.

More frequent detection of calcified carotid atherosclerotic plaques and mineralized laryngeal cartilages on digital than on film-based panoramic radiographs.

PURPOSE: To determine whether calcified carotid atherosclerotic plaques (CCAPs) and mineralized laryngeal cartilages (MLCs) were more frequently detected on digital or film-based panoramic radiographs. The clinical relevance of this question is that some radiopacities seen on digital radiographs may correspond to medium-density tissues that are not necessarily mineralized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from panoramic radiographs and the respective reports issued by 2 private oral radiology centers. A total of 388 radiographs and reports were divided into film-based (group A) and digital (group D) radiographs. The frequencies of CCAPs and MLCs were analyzed using the Fisher exact test, and odds ratios were also calculated (α=1%). RESULTS: The mean age of patients whose reports and radiographs showed CCAPs and/or MLCs ranged from 50.1 to 54.1 years. There was a predominance of females. A higher frequency of CCAPs and MLCs was observed in group D than in group A at both centers (P<0.01). CCAPs and MLCs were detected 4 times more frequently in group D than in group A at one of the centers. CONCLUSION: CCAPs and MLCs were more frequently detected on digital than on film-based panoramic radiographs. Further studies are needed to determine whether such radiopacities do indeed correspond to mineralized, rather than medium-density, tissues.

Maus-tratos infantis na perspectiva de acadêmicos de Odontologia / Child Abuse from the perspective of Dental Students

A violência infantil não ocorre apenas em países em desenvolvimento e é tão frequente que por vezes é banalizada. Crianças e adolescentes são alvos fáceis para atos de violência por serem frágeis e dependentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar, por meio de questionários, o conhecimento de estudantes de Odontologia em relação aos maus-tratos na infância e adolescência. Todos os acadêmicos matriculados nos cursos de Odontologia das Universidades do Planalto Catarinense e Federal do Espírito Santo foram convidados a participar do estudo. O questionário abordou conceito e características de maus-tratos, conduta frente aos mesmos, conhecimento do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) e responsabilidade do cirurgiãodentista na notificação de maus-tratos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas. Participaram da pesquisa 363 alunos, 146 de Lages e 217 de Vitória. Destes, 265 (73,0%) eram do gênero feminino, com idade média de 21,38 ± 3,01 anos. Durante a graduação, 34,9% dos alunos afirmaram não ter recebido nenhuma informação sobre maus-tratos na infância e adolescência. Apesar disto, a maioria (86,8%) sente-se capaz de diagnosticar casos de maus-tratos. Os estudantes citaram alterações nos tecidos moles (65,3%) e traumatismos dentários (48,5%), como caracetrísticas relacionadas aos maus-tratos. Em relação à denúncia, apenas 30,3% referem o Conselho Tutelar como esfera competente e 35,5% sabem o significado da sigla ECA. Foi observado que os acadêmicos das duas instituições conseguem identificar os sinais de maustratos, mas precisam de maiores informações em relação à notificação dos mesmos (AU).

Violence against children does not occur only in developing countries and happens so frequently that it is sometimes trivialized. Children and adolescents are easy targets for acts of violence because they are frail and dependent. The aim of this study was to verify the knowledge of dental students, by means of questionnaires, regarding maltreatment in childhood and adolescence. Application of a questionnaire to dental students enrolled in the Dentistry course of the University of Planalto Catarinense and Federal University of Espírito Santo, with an approach to the concept and characteristics of maltreatment, conduct when faced with this, knowledge about the Child and Adolescent Statute (CAS), and the dentist's responsibility about notification of maltreatment. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics in absolute frequencies and percentages. In the research, 363 students participated. Of these 265 (73%) were of the female gender, and the mean age was 21.38 years (± 3.01). During the undergraduate period, 34,9% of the students affirmed they had not received any information about maltreatment in childhood and adolescence, and despite this, the majority (86,8%) felt they were capable of diagnosing cases of maltreatment. The students mentioned alterations in soft tissues (65,3%), dental traumas (48,5%), as characteristics related to maltreatment. Regarding making a complaint/pressing charges, only 30,3% mentioned the Guardian Council and 35,3% knew the meaning of "CAS". It was observed that students from the two Institutions could identify signs of maltreatment, but they needed more information about the notification of these events (AU).

Acidentes ocupacionais com material biológico em Odontologia: uma responsabilidade no ensino / Occupational accidents with biological material in Dentistry: a teaching responsibility

Durante a graduação em Odontologia o aluno enfrenta situações que podem causar danos à própria saúde, visto que estão expostos a diversos riscos ocupacionais com material biológico. Com o intuito de contribuir com dados que auxiliem na formação acadêmica, propõe-se verificar a ocorrência, as características dos acidentes com material biológico, o conhecimento e a aplicação de ações preventivas e condutas pós-exposição. Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, transversal e descritiva utilizando um questionário de autopreenchimento aplicado a 195 estudantes do curso de Odontologia que tenham contato com procedimentos clínicos. Dos entrevistados, 23,6% sofreram acidentes ocupacionais, com predomínio do sexo feminino (78,3%), frequentemente acometendo as mãos (66,7%), e a maioria causados por sonda exploradora (30,1%). Observou-se que 34,9% sofreram acidentes percutâneos, somente 18,7% procurou auxílio médico e 6,3% relataram não usar equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) no momento do acidente. Lavar o local afetado com água e sabão (54,7%) foi a principal conduta pós-exposição. A ocorrência de acidentes frente ao contato com material contaminado desperta atenção devido ao uso incompleto ou não uso de EPI, além da pouca procura por atendimento médico após os acidentes. Os acadêmicos relataram ter conhecimento da legislação relacionada à saúde do trabalhador e de como proceder em caso de acidentes ocupacionais. É necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de ensino que incluam uma supervisão mais eficaz, medidas que motivem a atenção para redução dos acidentes ocupacionais e o aumento da notificação de casos, de maneira contínua (AU).

In Dental School, undergraduate students face situations that can cause health problems due to exposure to various occupational risks with biological material. In order to make contributions using data in academic training, the aim of this study is to verify the occurrence, characteristics of accidents with biological material, the knowledge and application of preventive actions, and post-exposure behavior. This observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire by 195 dental students who have started clinical procedures. Of the interviewees, 23.6% had occupational accidents with a higher frequency of females (78.3%), commonly in the hands (66.7%) and most of them caused by an explorer probe (30.1%). It was observed that 34.9% had percutaneous accidents, but only 18.7% sought medical assistance and 6.3% reported not using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at the time of the exposure. Washing the affected area with soap and water (54.7%) was the most common behavior performed postexposure. The occurrence of accidents with contaminated materials is alarming due to the incomplete use or non-use of PPE, in addition to the low demand for medical care after the injury. The students reported that they were aware of work health and safety legislation and how to proceed in case of occupational accidents. There is a need for the development of teaching strategies in a continuous way that include more effective supervision that motivates the students to reduce occupational accidents while increasing the number of students reporting incidents of biological exposure (AU).

Análise da prescrição de radiografias por acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma universidade pública brasileira e desenvolvimento de um modelo didático / Analysis of the radiographic requests used by dental students of a Brazilian Public University and the development of a didactic model

A elaboração do diagnóstico correto e tratamento adequado é um dos maiores desafios que o cirurgião-dentista enfrenta na prática clínica. As radiografias são exames complementares neste processo, fornecendo informações importantes, e a radiografia panorâmica se destaca pela grande área examinada e pequena dose de radiação. O princípio da Justificação na Portaria SVS/MS nº 453/98 afirma que os exames devem apresentar um motivo para exposição do paciente à radiação X. Objetivou-se analisar as prescrições de exames radiográficos por acadêmicos de Odontologia, encaminhadas ao Setor de Radiologia Odontológica da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) quanto às informações fornecidas e à justificação da exposição. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional transversal baseado em dados secundários. Foram utilizadas todas as solicitações de exames recebidos e executados no setor de Radiologia da UFES, no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2015. Foram analisadas 1251 solicitações de exames radiográficos sendo que 1174 eram referentes a exames panorâmicos. Constatou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes era do gênero feminino, 48,5% das solicitações não foram datadas, apenas 15,8% possuíam registro da suspeita clínica, sendo que dessas 58,68% traziam como justificativa "para fins de diagnóstico". Também foi observado que 92,1% estavam assinadas, 91,9% foram carimbadas, 53,2% das solicitações eram manuscritas e a disciplina que mais solicitou foi a Estomatologia. Em conclusão, ficou clara a necessidade de serem reforçados os conteúdos sobre a forma correta de se prescrever um exame complementar no curso de graduação (AU).

The development of a correct diagnosis and an effective treatment is one of the biggest challenges that the dentist must face on the clinic. The panoramic radiography is a complementary exam used on the stands out for the large area examined and a small radiation dose. The Justification principle on the Ordinance SVS/MS n° 453/98 states that the exams must have a reason to expose the patient to X-ray radiation. The objective of this study was to analyze the radiographic requests sent to the Radiology Division of Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), searching for the information given by the requester, as well as the justification of the exposure. It was a transversal study based on secondary data. All requests for exams received and executed by the Radiology Department of UFES, between January 2013 and December 2015, were used. A total of 1251 requests were analyzed in which 1174 referred to panoramic exams. Most of the patients were female, 48.5% did not have a date, only 15,8% had a clinic indication and 58.68% of these brought as justification "for diagnosis". Also, were observed that 92,1% were singed and 91,9% stamped, 53.2% were handwritten and came mostly from the Stomalogy clinic. In conclusion, it was clear the need to reinforce the teachings about the correct way to request complementary exams in the undergraduate course (AU).

Radiographic Bone Evaluation after Periodontal Full Mouth Disinfection Treatment in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy or Hormone Therapy with Tamoxifen

Objective: To radiographically evaluate the alveolar bone level after periodontal full mouth disinfection (FMD) treatment in women during chemotherapy (CHE) and hormone therapy with Tamoxifen (TAM). Material and Methods: This is an uncontrolled clinical trial with a convenience sample of women in antineoplastic treatment (CHE and TAM) and non-surgical periodontal FMD treatment. The Radiographic examination consisted of four bitewing radiographs and six periapical radiographs of the upper and lower anterior teeth, acquired according to the parallelling standard technique at three times: before (T0), 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months after periodontal treatment. The alveolar crest level in the interproximal area of each tooth was measured by two calibrated observer using magnifying glass and digital caliper. Statistical analysis was performed for evaluation of the three times in each experimental group using the Friedman test (p < 0.05) and between groups, the Mann Whitney test (p <0.05). Results: Overall, 14 women undergoing treatment for breast cancer participated in this study. A follow-up loss of five (35.71%) women occurred during the study and the final sample size was composed of nine women divided into two groups: CHE (n = 4) and TAM (n = 5). A total of 330 sites were evaluated: 126 (CHE) and 204 (TAM). The alveolar bone level showed statistically significant reduction after 6 months of FMD therapy (p <0.05), but there was no difference between antineoplastic treatment type (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Patients undergoing chemotherapy and hormone therapy with Tamoxifen showed better alveolar bone levels after six months of periodontal FMD treatment. The current antineoplasic therapy did not influence the results obtained with periodontal treatment.

Erros cometidos por estudantes de Odontologia de uma universidade pública brasileira na realização de radiografias periapicais / Technical errors in periapical radiographs taken by dental students of a Brazilian public university

A proposta do estudo foi identificar e quantificar os erros mais cometidos por estudantes de Odontologia da UFES na execução de radiografias periapicais. Foi um estudo observacional com delineamento transversal cuja amostra constou de 352 radiografias contidas em prontuários de pacientes atendidos no curso nos últimos 5 anos. Os dados foram quantificados de acordo com tipo de erro e período do curso e submetidos ao teste de Qui-quadrado com nível de significância adotado em 5%. Constatou-se grande frequência de erros (84,37%), sendo o 9º período o que apresentou a maior frequência (92,30%) e o 8º período, a menor (70,00%) (p < 0,05). O erro mais observado foi o armazenamento incorreto (15,60%), até então não quantificado em ambiente acadêmico. Os outros dois erros mais frequentes foram a falta de enquadramento (14,60%) e imagens com baixa densidade (10,80%). Concluiu-se que o índice de erros é alto na amostra estudada e que se deve atentar para o armazenamento de radiografias periapicais no âmbito universitário (AU).

We aimed to identify and quantify the errors that dental students of UFES mostly commit when taking periapical radiographs. A total of 352 periapical radiographs was evaluated in this cross-sectional study. The radiographs were collected in the records of patients attended in the University in the last five years. Type of error and academic semester of the course were considered and data were submitted to the Chi-squared test at a significance level of 5%. The results demonstrated a high frequency of errors (84.37%) where the students in the 9th academic semester showed the highest frequency (92.30%) while those in the 8th academic semester had the lowest (70.00%) (p < 0.05). Improper storage (15.60%) was the most frequent error in the sample and it has not been quantified for academic environment in the literature to the best of our science. The other two most frequent errors were: inadequate positioning of the film (14.60%) and low radiographic density (10.60%). We concluded that most of the periapical radiographs taken by the dental students of UFES have errors. Attention should be given to the storage of film-based periapical radiographs in universities (AU).